- #Mac command line tutorial pdf how to
- #Mac command line tutorial pdf manual
- #Mac command line tutorial pdf mac
- #Mac command line tutorial pdf windows
GUIs, as the name implies, are based on the user visually interacting with the computer via input devices such as the mouse by selecting or operating on screen elements such as menus, buttons etc.
#Mac command line tutorial pdf mac
The typical Mac user interacts with their computer using a Graphical User Interface ( GUI). echo is a command which is used to display messages.Update 7/21/17: This command line programs on macOS tutorial has been updated for Xcode 9 and Swift 4. If you would like to know which shell you are using you may use a command called echo to display a system variable stating your current shell. This tutorial will assume you are using bash as your shell. There are various shells available but the most common one is called bash which stands for Bourne again shell. This is a part of the operating system that defines how the terminal will behave and looks after running (or executing) commands for you. Within a terminal you have what is known as a shell.
#Mac command line tutorial pdf windows
If you are on Windows and intend to remotely log into another machine then you will need an SSH client.Alternatively you may be able to 'right-click' on the desktop and there may be an option 'Open in terminal'. If on Linux then you will probably find it in Applications -> System or Applications -> Utilities.
An easy way to get to it is the key combination 'command + space' which will bring up Spotlight, then start typing Terminal and it will soon show up.
#Mac command line tutorial pdf how to
I can't tell you exactly how to do it as every system is different but here are a few places to start looking. I have just included them here to make it easier to refer to different parts of the material. Your terminal probably won't have line numbers on it.If no prompt is displayed then the command may still be running (you will learn later how to deal with this).
After the command has run and the terminal is ready for you to enter another command the prompt will be displayed. Line 6 presents us with a prompt again.Other commands just perform their task and don't display any information unless there was an error. Most commands produce output and it will be listed straight under the issuing of the command. Lines 2 - 5 are output from running the command.Options are usually listed before other arguments and typically start with a dash ( - ). Options are typically used to modify the behaviour of the command. The first command line argument ( -l ) is also referred to as an option. Important to note, these are separated by spaces (there must be a space between the command and the first command line argument also).
After that we have what are referred to as command line arguments ( -l /home/ryan ). Typically a command is always the first thing you type. drwxr-xr-x 2 ryan users 4096 May 05 17:25 public_html.drwxr-xr-x 18 ryan users 4096 Feb 17 09:12 Documents.drwxr-xr-x 2 ryan users 4096 Mar 23 13:34 bin.Most of the time you will be issuing commands. As you type, it will be displayed after the prompt. The command line typically presents you with a prompt. You are able to enter commands by typing them on the keyboard and feedback will be given to you similarly as text. So what are they exactly?Ī command line, or terminal, is a text based interface to the system.
#Mac command line tutorial pdf manual
As an example I will typically have 3 terminals open: 1 in which I do my working, another to bring up ancilliary data and a final one for viewing Manual pages (more on these later). Experiment until you find the setup that suits you best. We can also easily jump back to the GUI when it suits us. This is also to our advantage as we can have several command lines open and doing different tasks in each at the same time. While you can leave the GUI alltogether, most people open up a command line interface just as another window on their desktop (in fact you can have as many open as you like). Don't think of it as leaving the GUI behind so much as adding to it. Don't worry, with a bit of practice you'll soon come to see it as your friend. The command line is an interesting beast, and if you've not used one before, can be a bit daunting. This tutorial will focus instead on the command line (also known as a terminal) running Bash. This tutorial won't focus on these as I reckon you can probably figure that part out by yourself. Linux has a graphical user interface and it works pretty much like the GUI's on other systems that you are familiar with such as Windows and OSX.